Paiwan Every Day 554: baras / barasu

baras: ballast, small stones used in making cement, etc. (Jap. - Eng.) (Ferrell, p. 63)

tjasisanumaq a barasu katua simintu. 

Free translation: 

We build houses with ballast and cement. 

Word gloss: 

1. tja-si-san-umaq: used by us to make house, UV. tja- 'our, 1st person PL GEN'; si- 'IF'; san- 'to make or manufacture'; the root is umaq 'house'. 
2. a: subject case marker
3. barasu: ballast, loanword from Japanese, from English. 
4. katua: and. Synonymous with kata. 
5. simintu: cement, loanword from Japanese, from English. 

Voice file: 

From Raleigh Ferrell's Paiwan Dictionary (1982) and ILRDF Online Paiwan Dictionary barasu. 

Paiwan Every Day 551/552/553: ciupan / ljigans / patek

carugcug a ciupan nu qemudjalj. 

Free translation: 

When it rains, corrugated iron sheets make hitting noise. 

Word gloss: 

1. c-ar-ug-cug: noise of things clashing into each other. The root is cugcug 'clash, bump into'. 
2. a: subject case marker
3. ciupan: corrgated iron sheet. Synonymous with tutang. 
4. nu: if or when
5. q<em>udjalj: it rains, AV. The root is qudjalj 'rain'. 

From ILRDF Online Paiwan Dictionary ciupan or carugcug. 

alapu tua ku ljingas i ta haiya. 

Free translation: 

Go to my car and to take iron wires. 

Word gloss: 

1. a-lap-u: go get, imperative. The root is lap 'take'; -u 'imperative ending case marker'. 
2. tua or ta: OBL
3. ku: my, 1st person SIN GEN
4. ljingas: iron wire
5. i: in or at, LOC
6. haiya: car, loanword from Japanese. Usually in sinvaudjan Paiwan, haiya refers to taxi or cab, not a personal car. 

From ILRDF Online Paiwan Dictionary ljingas. 

The sentence and audio have a 'subject case marker or LIG' rather than tua or ta 'OBL' after a verb and before the NP is obviously a syntactic mistake. I do not know why. 

masanliawliaw a patek imaza. 

Free translation: 

There are many kinds of iron nails here. 

Word gloss: 

1. masan-liaw-liaw: to have been many. The root is liaw 'many'in RED. 
2. a: subject case marker
3. patek: iron nail. Synonymous with cima, kugi, kezkez. 
4. i-maza: here

From ILRDF Online Paiwan Dictionary kezkez and klokah cima/kugi/patek. 

It is odd to me that the sentence says sa rather than a before the noun because subject case markers, which are required by syntax in this case, in Paiwan are either a or ti. I do not know about the function of sa. 

Voice file: 

Paiwan Every Day 550: leva // maleva

maleva aravac tiaken ka pacun tjanumun a mapuljat. 

Free translation: 

I feel very happy to see all of you. 

Word gloss: 

1. ma-leva: happy. The root is leva 'joy'. 
2. aravac: very
3. ti-aken: I, 1st person SIN NOM
4. ka: inchoative marker
5. pa-cun: watch, see. The root is cun 'see'. 
6. tjanumun: you, OBL
7. a: LIG
8. ma-puljat: all, everyone

Voice file: 

Paiwan Every Day 549: banana / veljevelj

namasanpazangal a qinuman a veljevelj i tjanuitjen a paiwan. 

Free translation: 

Banana is an important crop for us Paiwan people. 

Word gloss: 

1. na-masan-pa-zangal: to have become important. The root is zangal 'value, significance'. 
2. a: subject case marker
3. q<in>um(a)-an: the thing grown in the field or crop, UV. The root is quma 'field, farm'. 
4. a: LIG
5. veljevelj: banana. Ferrell has the loanword from Japanese, from English: banana (p. 62). 
6. i: in or at, LOC
7. tjanuitjen: with us, at us, for us, OBL
8. a: LIG
9. paiwan: Paiwan

Voice file: 

From Raleigh Ferrell's Paiwan Dictionary (1982) and ILRDF Online Paiwan Dictionary veljevelj. 

Paiwan Every Day 548: banal // mabanal

mabanal ti kama. 

palemek a uri mabanal aken nu tjaivililj. 

Free translation: 

Dad is bald. 

Maybe I will become bald later. 

Word gloss: 

1. ma-banal: be bald. ma- 'to be in the condition of'; the root is banal 'bald'. 
2. ti: subject case marker for people
3. kama: father, elder
4. palemek: maybe
5. a: LIG
6. uri: going to 
7. aken: I, 1st person SIN NOM clitic
8. nu: if or when
9. tjaivililj: in the future or later. The root is vililj 'next'. 

Voice file: 

From Raleigh Ferrell's Paiwan Dictionary (1982) and ILRDF Online Paiwan Dictionary banal. 

Paiwan Every Day 547: bakits / bakic / bakicu

nu qemudjalj, patalav itjen tua bakicu a pililjililjing. 

Free translation: 

When it's raining, we put a bucket to catch water falling from the eaves. 

Word gloss: 

1. nu: if or when
2. q<em>udjalj: rain, AV
3. pa-talav: catch water. The root is talav 'catch water'. 
4. itjen: we, 1st person PL NOM, clitic
5. tua: OBL
6. bakicu: bakits or bakic, water bucket, loanword from Japanese
7. a: LIG
8. pi-lilji-liljing: put under the eaves. pi- 'put in/on; do something'; the root is liljing 'tree shade, sunset glow'. I think eaves is an extended meaning. 

Voice file: 

From Raleigh Ferrell's Paiwan Dictionary (1982) and ILRDF Online Paiwan Dictionary bakic. 

Paiwan Every Day 546: ba / rigi / uma / ema

These are all words for horse in Paiwan. ba is a loanword from Minnan; uma is loanword from Japanese. 

neka tjapacucunan a rigi i pasamaza tjanuitjen. 

Free translation:

We do not see horses in our place. [Literally: Horse is not seen by us in the place of us.]

Word gloss: 

1. neka: no, there is no, NEG
2. tja-pa-cu-cun-an: the state of us seeing something, literally. tja- 'our, 1st person PL GEN'; pa- 'to cause to be or occur'; the root is cun 'see' in RED; -an 'specific location in time; referent focus'. 
3. a: subject case marker
4. rigi: horse
5. i: in or at, LOC
6. pa-sa-maza: to this direction or here. sa- 'go to / in direction of'; the root is maza 'here'. 
7. tjanu-itjen: of us, towards us, by us, with us, 'us 1st person PL OBL'. 

Voice file: 

From Raleigh Ferrell's Paiwan Dictionary (1982), ILRDF Online Paiwan Dictionary rigi, and klokah uma/ema/ba. 

This is intriguing. Why can't we be straightforward and just say 'we don't have horses here'. Instead, we need to say 'there is no our seeing of horse or horse is not of our seeing here'. 

tjapacucunan is so complicated and beautiful! what does it say about Paiwan? I have to know. 

neka a nia rigi imaza. Our horse is not here. This sentence means we have a horse, just the horse is not here but somewhere else. So how can you say horse is not a local species or is introduced in Paiwan?

Paiwan Every Day 545: maya

Ferrell has two definitions for maya in his 1982 Paiwan Dictionary, yet I only hear and use maya as the second definition. 

maya: be thus (Ferrell, p. 61). I think it is a combination of ma- 'be affected by or in the condition of' and aya 'thus'. 

• maya tucu: like this, as follows
• maya tuazua: like that, that is the way
• namaya: the same as
• ui, nu maya: alright then, if it is this way

maya: do not! (Ferrell, p. 61). This is a word of its own. 

• maya vaik: don't leave!
• inika pumaya: there is no restriction on it. 
• pumayan: I don't care; it doesn't matter
• mayanan: not yet! wait a bit!

Voice file: 

From Raleigh Ferrell's Paiwan Dictionary (1982). 

Paiwan Every Day 544: aya

This word is in Ferrell, ILRDF, and klokah. 

aya: thus, say thusly; it is said; they say (Ferrell, p. 61)

• aya-u: speak!
• id-u aya: he says, 'Come here!'
• aya itjen: we say or this is what we say
• aya aken: I say
• in-aya: said or that which was said. -in 'UV marker'.
• nia-in-aya: we said or that which we said. nia 'our, 1st person plural GEN'.
• aya-in-aken: (someone) told me or I was being told by someone
• aya-in-aken nimadju: he told me or I was being told by him. In Paiwan GEN takes the role of the agent of UV verb. 

parekiljivaljivaku a marekakakaka aya a kai ni kama. 

Free translation: 

Love each other, so is the word of Dad [so Dad says]. 

Word gloss: 

1. pare-ki-ljiva-ljivak-u: love one another or love each other, IMP. The root is kiljivak 'love' in RED. 
2. a: LIG
3. marekakakaka: each other
4. aya: so said
5. a: subject case marker
6. kai: word
7. ni: of, GEN
8. kama: father, elder

Voice file: 

From Raleigh Ferrell's Paiwan Dictionary (1982) and ILRDF Online Paiwan Dictionary aya. 

Paiwan Every Day 543: -aw / -ay

Here are two suffixes in Ferrell that I have not yet read anywhere nor heard about. 

-aw: object focus, indefinite future / projected or intended action, referent [object?] focus

• ku-kan-aw: I will probably eat it (Ferrell, p. 60)
• ku-qaljup-aw: I will probably hunt (Ferrell, p. 17)

-ay: referent focus, indefinite future / project or intended action, referent focus

• ku-kan-ay: I will probably eat (there) (Ferrell, p. 60)
• ku-qaljup-ay: I will probably hunt (there) (Ferrell, p. 17)

Word gloss: 

1. ku: my, 1st person SIN GEN

Voice file: 

From Raleigh Ferrell's Paiwan Dictionary (1982). 

I actually think -aw is object focus while -ay is referent focus. What does it mean, in addition to the semantic difference on the object (thing being eaten or hunted) and the location (where eating or hunting takes place)? And I am reading simply by pronouncing the combination of etters. I either have never heard these words or do not remember them at all.