Paiwan Every Day 668: pai

pai, kinemnemanga tiamadju tu kemacu tua ljigim nua kakinan. 

Free translation:

Now, they decided to take their mother's sewing needles. 

Word gloss: 

1. pai: discourse filler, indicating a new topic
2. ki-nemnem-anga: decided or thought of, actor focus
3. tiamadju: they, 3rd person PL NOM
4. tu: complementizer
5. k<em>acu: bring, actor focus
6. tua: OBL
7. ljigim: sewing needles or box of sewing needles
8. nua: of, GEN
9. kakinan: mothers

Voice file: 

From klokah.org 'Taiwan-Austronesian Indigenous Words and Narrations' marekaka a uqaljaqaljai (Brothers). 

Paiwan Every Day 667: pai

pai, inika makakiqadilj tia marekaka tua kipaula tua culjan. 

Free translation: 

Now, the two brothers can no longer take the suffering and hunger. 

Word gloss: 

1. pai: discourse filler, indicating change of topic
2. inika: not
3. makakiqadilj: tolerate, bear. The root is qadilj 'bear, tolerate'. 
4. tia: subject case marker for people, plural
5. marekaka: brothers
6. tua: OBL
7. kipaula: suffering, encountering
8. culjan: hunger

Voice file: 

From klokah.org "Taiwan-Austronesian Indigenous Words and Narrations" marekaka a uqaljaqaljai (Brothers). 

Paiwan Every Day 666: pai

pai, paquzipanga nua kina a kaka a tjaljaljak tua kama niamadju. 

Free translation: 

It comes to that they are raised by aunt, their father's younger sister. 

Word gloss: 

1. pai: it comes to that, a discourse filler
2. pa-quzip-anga: to raise, feed. The root is quzip 'feed, raise', -anga 'change of state'. 
3. nua: GEN, marking the agent of the action
4. kina: aunt
5. kaka a tjaljaljak: younger sister
6. tua: OBL
7. kama: father
8. niamadju: their, 3rd person PL GEN

Voice file: 

From klokah.org marekaka a uqaljaqaljay (Brothers). 

Paiwan Every Day 664/665: pai

For 31 December 2021:

pai: thus, hence, thereupon, consequently, accordingly, as a result 

Voice file: 

From klokah.org nakisumalji timadju a ku kama (He's special, he's my father). 

For 1 January 2022:

pai, samalji a ku salasaladj tua patjara mavuca a caucau. 

Free translation: 

Thereupon, my classmates are curious about blind people. 

Word gloss: 

1. pai: look, thereupon, filler to initiate a new topic
2. sa-malji: to be surprise, actor focus. The root is malji 'different, weird, special'. 
3. a: subject case marker
4. ku: my, 1st person SIN GEN
5. sala-saladj: partners, friends, classmates, colleagues. The root is saladj 'partner'in RED which indicates plural. 
6. tua: OBL
7. patjara: about
8. ma-vuca: blind, actor focus. ma- 'to be in the condition of'; the root is vuca 'blind, cannot see'. 
9. a; LIG
10. caucau: people

Voice file:

From klokah.org nakisumalji timadju a ku kama (He's special, he's my father). 

The narrator's father canno see. He is blind, but he supports the family by being a preacher and professional piano tuning master. 

The narrator never felt shy or embarrassed about his father's condition. One time when he was still in the elementary school, he asked the teacher to invite his father to give a speech. His young classmates out of curiosity asked many questions about blind people. Therefore the sentence. It was a special experience for the narrator. 

Paiwan Every Day 660/661/662/663: pai

kuliu: namadraudraw aken a kemacu tua ku bintu. 

cudjui: pai numayan tjakanauanga ku bintu. 

Free translation: 

kuliu: I forgot to bring my lunch box. 

cudjui: come, in that case, let's eat my lunch box. 

Word gloss: 

1. na-ma-draudraw: to have forgotten, actor focus
2. aken: I, 1st person SIN NOM
3. a: LIG
4. k<em>acu: bring, AV. The root is kacu 'bring'. 
5. tua: OBL
6. ku: my, 1st person SIN GEN
7. bintu: lunch box, loanword from Minnan
8. pai: invitation to action
9. numayan: if so, in that case
10. tja-kan-au-anga: let's eat. The root is kan 'eat'. 

Voice file: 

From klokah.org Conversations in Paiwan (School Life).  

kuliu: bulai a vaik itjen a ljemangui?

cudjui: bulai aravac. pai, ari vaiki. 

Free translation: 

kuliu: Is it a good idea that we go swimming?

cudjui: That's very good. Come, let's go. 

Word gloss: 

1. bulai: good, beautiul
2. a: LIG
3. vaik: go, come
4. itjen: we, INCL
5. lj<em>angui: swim, actor focus
6. aravac: very much
7. pai: invitation to action
8. ari: let's
9. vaik-i: go, INCL

Voice file: 

From klokah.org Conversations in Paiwan (Outdoor Activities)  . 

kuliu: qemudjaljanga. inika aken a nakemacu tua kausua. maqati aken a supasedjaman?

cudjui: ita a ku kausua. pai, kadjadjalani a kiljaung. 

Free translation: 

kuliu: It's raining now. I did not bring an umbrella. Can you lend me yours?

cudjui: I only have one umbrella. Come, let's share the umbrella. 

Word gloss: 

1. q<em>udjalj-anga: it is raining already, actor focus. The root is qudjalj 'rain'. 
2. inika: no, not
3. na-k<em>acu: brought. The root is kacu 'bring'. 
4. kausua: umbrella, loanword from Minnan. 
5. maqati: can 
6. su-pa-sedjam-an: you lend. The root is sedjam 'borrow, lend'. 
7. ita: one
8. pai: come, invitation to action
9. kadjadjalan-i: I am not sure about this word. 
10. kiljaung: shade, cover

Voice file: 

From klokah.org Conversations in Paiwan (Loaning and Returning). 

aicu djukap nua vavui. pai, aicu avan a djaladjalan nua vavui. 

Free translation: 

This is the footprints of wild boars. So, this is the path of wild boars. 

Word gloss: 

1. aicu: this
2. djukap: foot print
3. nua: of, GEN
4. vavui: wild boar
5. avan: is
6. djala-djalan: little trail or path. The root is djalan 'road' in RED, smaller road. 

Voice file: 

From klokah.org Conversations in Paiwan (Farming, Fishing, and Hunting). 

Paiwan Every Day 659: pai

pai, iljavaranu. anemanema kudamunu i Taiwan?

Free translation: 

Come, tell. What fruits are there in Taiwan?

Word gloss: 

1. pai: invitation to action
2. iljavaran-u: tell, imperative exclusive
3. a-nema-nema: what, RED
4. kudamunu: fruit, loanword from Japanese
5. i: LOC
6. Taiwan: Taiwan

Voice file: 

From klokah.org kudamunu (Fruit)

Paiwan Every Day 657/658: pai

vuvu vavayan, ti kuliu 'a ti paljai amen. pai, suqeljevi amen. 

Free translation: 

Grandma, it's kuliu and paljai. Please open the door for us. 

Word gloss: 

1. vuvu: grandparent, grandchild
2. vavayan: woman
3. ti: subjet case marker for specific noun
4. kuliu, paljai: male names
5. amen: we, 1st person PL NOM
6. pai: please, polite request for action
7. su-qeljev-i: you open the door, imperative inclusive, agent of a Paiwan NAF clause. The root is qeljev 'open the door'.  
8. amen: we, 1st person PL Nom, patient of a Paiwan NAF clause

Voice file: 

From klokah.org inaqatiyan a qadaw (Birthday). 

pai, qiladju. anema su'anen?

Free translation: 

Come, sit down. What will you have?

Word gloss: 

1. pai: invitation to action
2. qiladj-u: sit, imperative exclusive. The root is qiladj- 'sit, seat'. 
3. a-nema: what
4. su-'anen: your food. kanen or 'anen with the root of kan 'eat'. 

Voice file: 

From klokah.org i tja kakanen (In the Restaurant). 

Paiwan Every Day 656: pai

pai, kusualapav a dengec i tua su mudingan. 

Free translation: 

Come, let me get the crumbs off your face. 

Word gloss: 

1. pai: reminder, invitation, command
2. kusualapv: let me take. I think this is patient focus because the subject of the sentence is the semantic object dengec so literally similar to taken by me
3. a: subject case marker
4. dengec: food crumbs
5. i: LOC
6. tua: OBL
7. su: your, 2nd person SIN GEN
8. mudingan: face. qimi means cheeks. 

Voice file:

From ILRDF Online Paiwan Dictionary dengec. 

Paiwan Every Day 655: pai

pai, kipapaulingavu. akumayanga sa su tjengez?

Free translation: 

Come on, get it all together. Why are you dozing off like this?

Word gloss: 

1. pai: indicate irritation, sarcasm, scold
2. ki-pa-pau-lingav-u: be careful, watch out, keep alert. The root is lingav 'time, wisdom, hurry'. 
3. akumayanga: for what, why. I think this is a combination of aku 'why', maya 'like this or similar', and -anga 'suffix indicating change of state'. 
4. sa: subject case marker
5. su: your, 2nd person SIN GEN
6. tjengez: doze, sleepiness

Voice file: 

From ILRDF Online Paiwan Dictionary tjengez. 

Paiwan Every Day 652/653/654: pai

pai, mayanan maya penurpur a su kaka. 

Free translation: 

Do not yet disturb your brother. 

Word gloss: 

1. pai: give a command
2. mayanan: not yet, still
3. maya: do not
4. p<en>urpur: disturb, actor voice. The root is purpur 'annoy, disturb'. 
5. a: LIG? 
6. su: your
7. kaka: brother or sister

Voice file: 

From ILRDF Online Paiwan Dictionary penurpur. 

pai, maya manu seman-neka-aravac tua zuma. 

Free translation: 

Do not act like so disrespectful to other people. 

Word gloss: 

1. pai: give a command
2. maya: do not
3. manu: like, another interesting filler
4. s<em>an-neka-aravac: to excessively disregard or disrespect too much, literally to make nothing out of at all. Interesting word!
5. tua: OBL
6. zuma: other people

Voice file: 

From ILRDF Online Paiwan Dictionary semaneka. 

pai, kiumalju. semiaq sa su sikudan. 

Free translation: 

Come, change to a new leaf. What you did is shameful. 

Word gloss: 

1. pai: command or invitation to action
2. kiumalju: repent and change
3. s<em>iaq: be shameful, actor voice. The root is siaq 'shame'. 
4. sa: subject case marker
5. su: your, 2nd person SIN GEN
6. si-kud(a)-an: behavior, deed

Voice file: 

From ILRDF Online Paiwan Dictionary semiaq. 

Paiwan Every Day 650/651: pai

ljaljeqeljeqel aicu a kinsa. pai, seljecuanan. 

Free translation: 

The food is already cold. Go, heat it. 

Word gloss: 

1. lja-ljeqe-ljeqel: cold, in RED. The root is ljaljeqel 'cold'.
2. aicu: this. I always think aicu is a-icu; however, Professor Anna Chang said it is aicu, and in Paiwan demonstratives and case marker are "mutually exclusive" (Chang, 1992, p. 88).  
3. a: subject case marker
4. k<in>(e)sa: food. The root is kesa 'cook'. 
5. pai: command or invitation to action
6. seljecuanan: heat the food. seljecu 'heat food by steam'. 

Voice file: 

From ILRDF Online Paiwan Dictionary ljaljeqeljeqel. 

pai, pasazalemani a remasudj tua tjakinepel a qavai. 

ulja tjen a kemeljang tu pidanga supu a penuljat. 

Free translation: 

Come, let's put all long rice cakes in line on the floor. 

We want to know how many there are in total. 

Word gloss: 

1. pai: invitation to action
2. pasa-zaleman-i: let's place on the floor, imperative, inclusive. The root is zaleman 'floor'. 
3. a: LIG
4. remasudj: to make peace. It means to arrange or line up the rice cakes in a good way. 
5. tua: OBL
6. tja-kinepel a qavai: our long rice cake
7. ulja: wish, want to
8. tjen: itjen, we 1st person PL 
9. k<em>eljang: know, actor focus. The root is keljang
10. tu: complementizer
11. pid(a)-anga: how many already
12. a penuljat: totall, all

Voice file: 

From ILRDF Online Paiwan Dictionary pasazalemani. 

Paiwan Every Day 649: pai

pai, kesau tua tjacengelj. 

Free translation: 

Go make our lunch. 

Word gloss: 

1. pai: give a command
2. kesa-u: cook, imperative, exclusive. The root is kesa 'cook'. 
3. tua: OBL
4. tja-cengelj: our lunch

Voice file: 

From ILRDF Online Paiwan Dictionary kesau. 

Paiwan Every Day 648: pai

pai, capau azua vasa. 

Free translation: 

Go roast those taros. 

Word gloss: 

1. pai: give a command
2. capa-u: roast or bake, imperative, exclusive. The root is capa 'roast, bake'. 
3. a-zua: that or those
4. vasa: taro

Voice file: 

From ILRDF Online Paiwan Dictionary capau. 

Paiwan Every Day 646/647: pai

pai here means like come, an invitation to action, or come one, an invitation to not to act on something. 

pai, senasenayu. masepelj itjen. 

Free translation: 

Come, sing a song. We are bored. 

Word gloss: 

1. pai: come
2. sena-senay-u: sing, imperative for the hearer. The root is senay 'sing, song' in RED; -u 'imperative marker excluding the speaker'. 
3. ma-sepelj: to be bored. ma- 'to be in the condition of without volition'; the root is sepelj 'play around without a purpose'. 
4. itjen: we, including the speaker

Voice file: 

From ILRDF Online Paiwan Dictionary masepelj. 

pai, maya qemaluvu a tja kinateveteveljan. 

Free translation: 

Come on, do not disturb our gathering. 

Word gloss: 

1. pai: come on
2. maya: do not, prohibition
3. q<em>aluvu: mix up or distrub, actor focus. The root is qaluvu 'to mix up, distrub'. 
4. a: subject case marker
5. tja: our, 1st person PL GEN
6. kinateveteveljan: gethering or meeting

Voice file: 

From ILRDF Online Paiwan Dictionary qemaluvu. 

Paiwan Every Day 644/645: pai

pai as a filler like 'Look!'. 

maya masepelj a siqunu ni su vuvu, aya aken tjanusun. 

inika sun a lemang(e)da. 

pai, mavuciqanga a su lima. 

Free translation: 

I told you not to play wioth your grandpa's small knife. You didn't listen. 

Look, your hand is cut.

Word gloss: 

1. maya: no, not, NEG
2. ma-sepelj: play with or fiddle with. The root is sepelj 'tease, fool around with without purpose'. 
3. a: subject case marker
4. siqunu: small knife usually used by elders to cut betel nuts apart and add lime
5. ni: of, GEN
6. su: your, 2nd person SIN GEN
7. vuvu: grandpa or grandma
8. aya: so said
9. aken: I, 1st person SIN NOM
10. tjanusun: to you, towards you
11. inika: no, not , NEG
12. l<em>ang(e)da: listen or hear, actor focus. The root is lang(e)da 'listen, hear'. 
13. pai: look
14. ma-vuciq-anga: gets cut. ma- 'to be in the state of, without volition'; the root is vuciq 'cut, sever'; -anga 'COS'. 
15. lima: hand

Voice file: 

From ILRDF Online Paiwan Dictionary pai. 

pai as 'right' in a question. 

maljenguaqanga aza kuang, pai?

Free translation: 

That gun is ready, right?

Word gloss: 

1. ma-lje-nguaq-anga: to already go in the diretion of well. ma- 'to be in the state of without volition'; lje- 'to go in the direction of'; the root is nguaq 'well'; -anga 'COS'. 
2. aza: that
3. kuang: gun, loanword from Minnan
4. pai: right?

Voice file: 

From ILRDF Online Paiwan Dictionary pai. 

Paiwan Every Day 643: pai

pai is a Paiwan word that has a lot of functions. It is an interesting subject of research. 

inika sun narukisasusu tua mareka tjakaka, pai sipavai tua zuma a hiu niamadju. 

Free translation: 

You did not take good care of our brothers and sisters, therefore they gave their votes to others. 

Word gloss: 

1. inika: no, not, NEG
2. sun: you, 2nd person SING NOM, clitic?
3. na-ru-kisasusu: to have often cared for. na- 'PRF'; ru- 'frequently'; kisasusu 'to investigate, to look after' with the root is susu 'meaning'. 
4. tua: OBL
5. mareka: every or each
6. tja-kaka: our brother and sister. tja- 'our, 1st person PL GEN clitic'; kaka 'brother or sister'. 
7. pai: therefore, consequently, but also can mean look in this context. 
8. si-pa-vai: to give, IF. 
9. zuma: others
10. a: subject case marker
11. hiu: vote, must be a loanword since in Paiwan there is no phoneme /h/ but I do not know its origin. 
12. niamadju: their, 3rd person PL GEN

Voice file: 

From ILRDF Online Paiwan Dictionary pai. 

Paiwan Every Day 641/642: manusika / manasika

saqetju a ku kaka, manusika inika kasikakituluan. 

Free translation: 

My brother is ill, therefore he did not go to school 

Word gloss: 

1. saqetju: ill, hurt
2. a: subject case marker
3. ku: my
4. kaka: brother or sister
5. manusika: therefore, so, consequently
6. inika: not, no
7. ka-si-ka-ki-tulu-an: to the school. kakituluan 'the place to learn' with the root tulu 'learn, teach'. 

Voice file: 

From ILRDF Online Paiwan Dictionary manusika. 

pai manasika a i taiwan mavan a ku qinaljan, uta aya aken. 

Free translation: 

Therefore, Taiwan is my home, so I also say. 

Word gloss: 

1. pai: therefore, so
2. manasika: therefore, so, consequently
3. a: LIG
4. i: in or at, LOC
5. taiwan: Taiwan
6. mavan: is
7. a: subject case marker
8. ku: my, 1st person SING GEN
9. qinaljan: hometown
10. uta: also, too
11. aya: say
12. aken: I, 1st person SING NOM

Voice file: 

From klokah ku qinaljan uta a i taiwan 'Taiwan is Also My Hometown'. 

Paiwan Every Day 640: ayatua (IV)

naminseg a ljavek, ayatua neka nu vali. 

Free translation: 

The sea has calmed down because there is no wind. 

Word gloss: 

1. na-minseg: have become calm. na- 'PRF'; the root is minseg 'calm, still'. 
2. a: subject case marker
3. ljavek: sea, another word is vaung. 
4. ayatua: because, provides a reason (cause?). 
5. neka: no, NEG
6. nu: ? Usually nu is your (2nd personal plural GEN). Here why the elder says nu is unknown to me. 
7. vali: wind

Voice file: 

From ILRDF Online Paiwan Dictionary minseg. 

Paiwan Every Day 639: ayatua (III)

kipaula aravac tiamadju ta icu a qudjalj, ayatua siniqaljudj a quma. 

Free translation: 

They suffer severely from this rain, because the farm was washed away. 

Word gloss: 

1. ki-paula: suffer from or experience something bad or encounter. ki- 'to get or obtain'; the root is paula 'diaster, pity, experience'. 
2. aravac: quite, ADV
3. tiamadju: they, 3rd person PL
4. ta: OBL
5. icu: this
6. a: LIG
7. qudjalj: rain
8. ayatua: because or as, provides not the cause but result. 
9. s<in>i-qaljudj: to be swept or washed away. The root is qaljudj 'swept or washed away'. 
10. a: subject case marker
11. quma: farm or field

Voice file: 

From ILRDF Online Paiwan Dictionary kipaula. 

Paiwan Every Day 638: ayatua (II)

ayatua a picul a ligu nisunanga a penuljat a kemasi tucu a patje palalautanga. amin. 

Free translation: 

Because power, honor, all belongs to you, from now until forever. amen. 

Word gloss: 

1. ayatua: because
2. a: subject case marker
3. picul: power, strength
4. ligu: honor
5. ni-sun-anga: of yours already. ni- 'of, GEN marker'; -sun 'you, 2nd person SING clitic'; -anga 'change of state COS'. 
6. penuljat: all. p<en>uljat (AF) 'all'with the root of puljat 'all'. 
7. a: LIG
8. k<em>asi: from, AF
9. tucu: now
10. patje: until 
11. palalaut-anga: forever or everlasting. The root is palalaut 'forever'. 
12. amin: amen

Voice file: 

From klokah The Lord's Prayer. 

I am trying to figure out the function of ayatua in Paiwan, which depending on the context seems to indicate more than a causal relation.