Paiwan Every Day 660/661/662/663: pai

kuliu: namadraudraw aken a kemacu tua ku bintu. 

cudjui: pai numayan tjakanauanga ku bintu. 

Free translation: 

kuliu: I forgot to bring my lunch box. 

cudjui: come, in that case, let's eat my lunch box. 

Word gloss: 

1. na-ma-draudraw: to have forgotten, actor focus
2. aken: I, 1st person SIN NOM
3. a: LIG
4. k<em>acu: bring, AV. The root is kacu 'bring'. 
5. tua: OBL
6. ku: my, 1st person SIN GEN
7. bintu: lunch box, loanword from Minnan
8. pai: invitation to action
9. numayan: if so, in that case
10. tja-kan-au-anga: let's eat. The root is kan 'eat'. 

Voice file: 

From klokah.org Conversations in Paiwan (School Life).  

kuliu: bulai a vaik itjen a ljemangui?

cudjui: bulai aravac. pai, ari vaiki. 

Free translation: 

kuliu: Is it a good idea that we go swimming?

cudjui: That's very good. Come, let's go. 

Word gloss: 

1. bulai: good, beautiul
2. a: LIG
3. vaik: go, come
4. itjen: we, INCL
5. lj<em>angui: swim, actor focus
6. aravac: very much
7. pai: invitation to action
8. ari: let's
9. vaik-i: go, INCL

Voice file: 

From klokah.org Conversations in Paiwan (Outdoor Activities)  . 

kuliu: qemudjaljanga. inika aken a nakemacu tua kausua. maqati aken a supasedjaman?

cudjui: ita a ku kausua. pai, kadjadjalani a kiljaung. 

Free translation: 

kuliu: It's raining now. I did not bring an umbrella. Can you lend me yours?

cudjui: I only have one umbrella. Come, let's share the umbrella. 

Word gloss: 

1. q<em>udjalj-anga: it is raining already, actor focus. The root is qudjalj 'rain'. 
2. inika: no, not
3. na-k<em>acu: brought. The root is kacu 'bring'. 
4. kausua: umbrella, loanword from Minnan. 
5. maqati: can 
6. su-pa-sedjam-an: you lend. The root is sedjam 'borrow, lend'. 
7. ita: one
8. pai: come, invitation to action
9. kadjadjalan-i: I am not sure about this word. 
10. kiljaung: shade, cover

Voice file: 

From klokah.org Conversations in Paiwan (Loaning and Returning). 

aicu djukap nua vavui. pai, aicu avan a djaladjalan nua vavui. 

Free translation: 

This is the footprints of wild boars. So, this is the path of wild boars. 

Word gloss: 

1. aicu: this
2. djukap: foot print
3. nua: of, GEN
4. vavui: wild boar
5. avan: is
6. djala-djalan: little trail or path. The root is djalan 'road' in RED, smaller road. 

Voice file: 

From klokah.org Conversations in Paiwan (Farming, Fishing, and Hunting). 

Paiwan Every Day 659: pai

pai, iljavaranu. anemanema kudamunu i Taiwan?

Free translation: 

Come, tell. What fruits are there in Taiwan?

Word gloss: 

1. pai: invitation to action
2. iljavaran-u: tell, imperative exclusive
3. a-nema-nema: what, RED
4. kudamunu: fruit, loanword from Japanese
5. i: LOC
6. Taiwan: Taiwan

Voice file: 

From klokah.org kudamunu (Fruit)

Paiwan Every Day 657/658: pai

vuvu vavayan, ti kuliu 'a ti paljai amen. pai, suqeljevi amen. 

Free translation: 

Grandma, it's kuliu and paljai. Please open the door for us. 

Word gloss: 

1. vuvu: grandparent, grandchild
2. vavayan: woman
3. ti: subjet case marker for specific noun
4. kuliu, paljai: male names
5. amen: we, 1st person PL NOM
6. pai: please, polite request for action
7. su-qeljev-i: you open the door, imperative inclusive, agent of a Paiwan NAF clause. The root is qeljev 'open the door'.  
8. amen: we, 1st person PL Nom, patient of a Paiwan NAF clause

Voice file: 

From klokah.org inaqatiyan a qadaw (Birthday). 

pai, qiladju. anema su'anen?

Free translation: 

Come, sit down. What will you have?

Word gloss: 

1. pai: invitation to action
2. qiladj-u: sit, imperative exclusive. The root is qiladj- 'sit, seat'. 
3. a-nema: what
4. su-'anen: your food. kanen or 'anen with the root of kan 'eat'. 

Voice file: 

From klokah.org i tja kakanen (In the Restaurant). 

Paiwan Every Day 656: pai

pai, kusualapav a dengec i tua su mudingan. 

Free translation: 

Come, let me get the crumbs off your face. 

Word gloss: 

1. pai: reminder, invitation, command
2. kusualapv: let me take. I think this is patient focus because the subject of the sentence is the semantic object dengec so literally similar to taken by me
3. a: subject case marker
4. dengec: food crumbs
5. i: LOC
6. tua: OBL
7. su: your, 2nd person SIN GEN
8. mudingan: face. qimi means cheeks. 

Voice file:

From ILRDF Online Paiwan Dictionary dengec. 

Paiwan Every Day 655: pai

pai, kipapaulingavu. akumayanga sa su tjengez?

Free translation: 

Come on, get it all together. Why are you dozing off like this?

Word gloss: 

1. pai: indicate irritation, sarcasm, scold
2. ki-pa-pau-lingav-u: be careful, watch out, keep alert. The root is lingav 'time, wisdom, hurry'. 
3. akumayanga: for what, why. I think this is a combination of aku 'why', maya 'like this or similar', and -anga 'suffix indicating change of state'. 
4. sa: subject case marker
5. su: your, 2nd person SIN GEN
6. tjengez: doze, sleepiness

Voice file: 

From ILRDF Online Paiwan Dictionary tjengez. 

Paiwan Every Day 652/653/654: pai

pai, mayanan maya penurpur a su kaka. 

Free translation: 

Do not yet disturb your brother. 

Word gloss: 

1. pai: give a command
2. mayanan: not yet, still
3. maya: do not
4. p<en>urpur: disturb, actor voice. The root is purpur 'annoy, disturb'. 
5. a: LIG? 
6. su: your
7. kaka: brother or sister

Voice file: 

From ILRDF Online Paiwan Dictionary penurpur. 

pai, maya manu seman-neka-aravac tua zuma. 

Free translation: 

Do not act like so disrespectful to other people. 

Word gloss: 

1. pai: give a command
2. maya: do not
3. manu: like, another interesting filler
4. s<em>an-neka-aravac: to excessively disregard or disrespect too much, literally to make nothing out of at all. Interesting word!
5. tua: OBL
6. zuma: other people

Voice file: 

From ILRDF Online Paiwan Dictionary semaneka. 

pai, kiumalju. semiaq sa su sikudan. 

Free translation: 

Come, change to a new leaf. What you did is shameful. 

Word gloss: 

1. pai: command or invitation to action
2. kiumalju: repent and change
3. s<em>iaq: be shameful, actor voice. The root is siaq 'shame'. 
4. sa: subject case marker
5. su: your, 2nd person SIN GEN
6. si-kud(a)-an: behavior, deed

Voice file: 

From ILRDF Online Paiwan Dictionary semiaq. 

Paiwan Every Day 650/651: pai

ljaljeqeljeqel aicu a kinsa. pai, seljecuanan. 

Free translation: 

The food is already cold. Go, heat it. 

Word gloss: 

1. lja-ljeqe-ljeqel: cold, in RED. The root is ljaljeqel 'cold'.
2. aicu: this. I always think aicu is a-icu; however, Professor Anna Chang said it is aicu, and in Paiwan demonstratives and case marker are "mutually exclusive" (Chang, 1992, p. 88).  
3. a: subject case marker
4. k<in>(e)sa: food. The root is kesa 'cook'. 
5. pai: command or invitation to action
6. seljecuanan: heat the food. seljecu 'heat food by steam'. 

Voice file: 

From ILRDF Online Paiwan Dictionary ljaljeqeljeqel. 

pai, pasazalemani a remasudj tua tjakinepel a qavai. 

ulja tjen a kemeljang tu pidanga supu a penuljat. 

Free translation: 

Come, let's put all long rice cakes in line on the floor. 

We want to know how many there are in total. 

Word gloss: 

1. pai: invitation to action
2. pasa-zaleman-i: let's place on the floor, imperative, inclusive. The root is zaleman 'floor'. 
3. a: LIG
4. remasudj: to make peace. It means to arrange or line up the rice cakes in a good way. 
5. tua: OBL
6. tja-kinepel a qavai: our long rice cake
7. ulja: wish, want to
8. tjen: itjen, we 1st person PL 
9. k<em>eljang: know, actor focus. The root is keljang
10. tu: complementizer
11. pid(a)-anga: how many already
12. a penuljat: totall, all

Voice file: 

From ILRDF Online Paiwan Dictionary pasazalemani. 

Paiwan Every Day 649: pai

pai, kesau tua tjacengelj. 

Free translation: 

Go make our lunch. 

Word gloss: 

1. pai: give a command
2. kesa-u: cook, imperative, exclusive. The root is kesa 'cook'. 
3. tua: OBL
4. tja-cengelj: our lunch

Voice file: 

From ILRDF Online Paiwan Dictionary kesau. 

Paiwan Every Day 648: pai

pai, capau azua vasa. 

Free translation: 

Go roast those taros. 

Word gloss: 

1. pai: give a command
2. capa-u: roast or bake, imperative, exclusive. The root is capa 'roast, bake'. 
3. a-zua: that or those
4. vasa: taro

Voice file: 

From ILRDF Online Paiwan Dictionary capau. 

Paiwan Every Day 646/647: pai

pai here means like come, an invitation to action, or come one, an invitation to not to act on something. 

pai, senasenayu. masepelj itjen. 

Free translation: 

Come, sing a song. We are bored. 

Word gloss: 

1. pai: come
2. sena-senay-u: sing, imperative for the hearer. The root is senay 'sing, song' in RED; -u 'imperative marker excluding the speaker'. 
3. ma-sepelj: to be bored. ma- 'to be in the condition of without volition'; the root is sepelj 'play around without a purpose'. 
4. itjen: we, including the speaker

Voice file: 

From ILRDF Online Paiwan Dictionary masepelj. 

pai, maya qemaluvu a tja kinateveteveljan. 

Free translation: 

Come on, do not disturb our gathering. 

Word gloss: 

1. pai: come on
2. maya: do not, prohibition
3. q<em>aluvu: mix up or distrub, actor focus. The root is qaluvu 'to mix up, distrub'. 
4. a: subject case marker
5. tja: our, 1st person PL GEN
6. kinateveteveljan: gethering or meeting

Voice file: 

From ILRDF Online Paiwan Dictionary qemaluvu. 

Paiwan Every Day 644/645: pai

pai as a filler like 'Look!'. 

maya masepelj a siqunu ni su vuvu, aya aken tjanusun. 

inika sun a lemang(e)da. 

pai, mavuciqanga a su lima. 

Free translation: 

I told you not to play wioth your grandpa's small knife. You didn't listen. 

Look, your hand is cut.

Word gloss: 

1. maya: no, not, NEG
2. ma-sepelj: play with or fiddle with. The root is sepelj 'tease, fool around with without purpose'. 
3. a: subject case marker
4. siqunu: small knife usually used by elders to cut betel nuts apart and add lime
5. ni: of, GEN
6. su: your, 2nd person SIN GEN
7. vuvu: grandpa or grandma
8. aya: so said
9. aken: I, 1st person SIN NOM
10. tjanusun: to you, towards you
11. inika: no, not , NEG
12. l<em>ang(e)da: listen or hear, actor focus. The root is lang(e)da 'listen, hear'. 
13. pai: look
14. ma-vuciq-anga: gets cut. ma- 'to be in the state of, without volition'; the root is vuciq 'cut, sever'; -anga 'COS'. 
15. lima: hand

Voice file: 

From ILRDF Online Paiwan Dictionary pai. 

pai as 'right' in a question. 

maljenguaqanga aza kuang, pai?

Free translation: 

That gun is ready, right?

Word gloss: 

1. ma-lje-nguaq-anga: to already go in the diretion of well. ma- 'to be in the state of without volition'; lje- 'to go in the direction of'; the root is nguaq 'well'; -anga 'COS'. 
2. aza: that
3. kuang: gun, loanword from Minnan
4. pai: right?

Voice file: 

From ILRDF Online Paiwan Dictionary pai. 

Paiwan Every Day 643: pai

pai is a Paiwan word that has a lot of functions. It is an interesting subject of research. 

inika sun narukisasusu tua mareka tjakaka, pai sipavai tua zuma a hiu niamadju. 

Free translation: 

You did not take good care of our brothers and sisters, therefore they gave their votes to others. 

Word gloss: 

1. inika: no, not, NEG
2. sun: you, 2nd person SING NOM, clitic?
3. na-ru-kisasusu: to have often cared for. na- 'PRF'; ru- 'frequently'; kisasusu 'to investigate, to look after' with the root is susu 'meaning'. 
4. tua: OBL
5. mareka: every or each
6. tja-kaka: our brother and sister. tja- 'our, 1st person PL GEN clitic'; kaka 'brother or sister'. 
7. pai: therefore, consequently, but also can mean look in this context. 
8. si-pa-vai: to give, IF. 
9. zuma: others
10. a: subject case marker
11. hiu: vote, must be a loanword since in Paiwan there is no phoneme /h/ but I do not know its origin. 
12. niamadju: their, 3rd person PL GEN

Voice file: 

From ILRDF Online Paiwan Dictionary pai. 

Paiwan Every Day 641/642: manusika / manasika

saqetju a ku kaka, manusika inika kasikakituluan. 

Free translation: 

My brother is ill, therefore he did not go to school 

Word gloss: 

1. saqetju: ill, hurt
2. a: subject case marker
3. ku: my
4. kaka: brother or sister
5. manusika: therefore, so, consequently
6. inika: not, no
7. ka-si-ka-ki-tulu-an: to the school. kakituluan 'the place to learn' with the root tulu 'learn, teach'. 

Voice file: 

From ILRDF Online Paiwan Dictionary manusika. 

pai manasika a i taiwan mavan a ku qinaljan, uta aya aken. 

Free translation: 

Therefore, Taiwan is my home, so I also say. 

Word gloss: 

1. pai: therefore, so
2. manasika: therefore, so, consequently
3. a: LIG
4. i: in or at, LOC
5. taiwan: Taiwan
6. mavan: is
7. a: subject case marker
8. ku: my, 1st person SING GEN
9. qinaljan: hometown
10. uta: also, too
11. aya: say
12. aken: I, 1st person SING NOM

Voice file: 

From klokah ku qinaljan uta a i taiwan 'Taiwan is Also My Hometown'. 

Paiwan Every Day 640: ayatua (IV)

naminseg a ljavek, ayatua neka nu vali. 

Free translation: 

The sea has calmed down because there is no wind. 

Word gloss: 

1. na-minseg: have become calm. na- 'PRF'; the root is minseg 'calm, still'. 
2. a: subject case marker
3. ljavek: sea, another word is vaung. 
4. ayatua: because, provides a reason (cause?). 
5. neka: no, NEG
6. nu: ? Usually nu is your (2nd personal plural GEN). Here why the elder says nu is unknown to me. 
7. vali: wind

Voice file: 

From ILRDF Online Paiwan Dictionary minseg. 

Paiwan Every Day 639: ayatua (III)

kipaula aravac tiamadju ta icu a qudjalj, ayatua siniqaljudj a quma. 

Free translation: 

They suffer severely from this rain, because the farm was washed away. 

Word gloss: 

1. ki-paula: suffer from or experience something bad or encounter. ki- 'to get or obtain'; the root is paula 'diaster, pity, experience'. 
2. aravac: quite, ADV
3. tiamadju: they, 3rd person PL
4. ta: OBL
5. icu: this
6. a: LIG
7. qudjalj: rain
8. ayatua: because or as, provides not the cause but result. 
9. s<in>i-qaljudj: to be swept or washed away. The root is qaljudj 'swept or washed away'. 
10. a: subject case marker
11. quma: farm or field

Voice file: 

From ILRDF Online Paiwan Dictionary kipaula. 

Paiwan Every Day 638: ayatua (II)

ayatua a picul a ligu nisunanga a penuljat a kemasi tucu a patje palalautanga. amin. 

Free translation: 

Because power, honor, all belongs to you, from now until forever. amen. 

Word gloss: 

1. ayatua: because
2. a: subject case marker
3. picul: power, strength
4. ligu: honor
5. ni-sun-anga: of yours already. ni- 'of, GEN marker'; -sun 'you, 2nd person SING clitic'; -anga 'change of state COS'. 
6. penuljat: all. p<en>uljat (AF) 'all'with the root of puljat 'all'. 
7. a: LIG
8. k<em>asi: from, AF
9. tucu: now
10. patje: until 
11. palalaut-anga: forever or everlasting. The root is palalaut 'forever'. 
12. amin: amen

Voice file: 

From klokah The Lord's Prayer. 

I am trying to figure out the function of ayatua in Paiwan, which depending on the context seems to indicate more than a causal relation. 

Paiwan Every Day 636/637: ayatua (I)

inianga kapazangal a kemesa tucu, ayatua izuanga a tinku. 

Free translation: 

Because of electrical rice cooker, it is no longer difficult to cook now. 

Word gloss: 

1. ini-anga: no longer. ini- 'no, not, NEG'; -anga 'marker of change of state'. 
2. ka-pazaangal: be difficult. ka- 'inchoative marker'; the root is pazangal 'valuable, difficult'. 
3. a: LIG
4. k<em>esa: cook, AF. The root is kesa 'cook'. 
5. tucu: now
6. ayatua: because of, because
7. izu(a)-anga: there exists already
8. a: subject case marker
9. tinku: electric rice cooker, loanword from Mandarin. 

Voice file: 

From ILRDF Online Paiwan Dictionary ayatua. 

ayatua a benuru uri si'atarivak na 'u lingalingaw. 

Free translation: 

Because exercise will make my body healthy. 

Word gloss: 

1. ayatua: because
2. a: subject case marker
3. b<en>uru: exercise or do sports or literally to play with a ball, AF. The root is buru 'ball', loanword. 
4. uri: want to or will
5. si-'(k)a-tarivak: to make healthy, IF. The root is tarivak 'healthy'. 
6. na: of, GEN
7. '(k)u: my, 1st person SING GEN
8. lingalingaw: body

Voice file: 

From klokah undu. 

Paiwan Every Day 634/635: djaljep // djaljepan

I like this word djaljepan 'so that's the way it is!'. It functions like a filler. Why is it from djaljep 'suitable, fit, assistant'? Interesting. 

djaljepan a kisasusu aravac tjajuaken a nia sinsi, manu seljaseljang ni kama kisansinsi. 

Free translation: 

So that's why my teacher cares very much for me, because he was dad's colleague at school. 

Word gloss: 

1. djaljepan: so that's the way it is; so the reason why...is that...
2. a: LIG
3. kisasusu: take care of
4. aravac: quite, a great deal
5. tjauaken: to me or for me, OBL
6. a: subject case marker
7. nia: our, often used in Paiwan even for its singular sense
8. sinsi: teacher, loanword from Japanese
9. manu: because, as
10. seljseljang: colleague, classmate. We more often say salasaladj. 
11. ni: of
12. kama: dad
13. kisansinsi: to be a teacher, teaching at a school

Voice file: 

From Raleigh Ferrell's Paiwan Dictionary (1982) and ILRDF Online Paiwan Dictionary djaljepan. 

djaljepan tu kemavasun tua bulabulay, avan susikabulay. 

Ferrell's translation: 

Oh, the reason why you are so beautiful is because of the clothes you're wearing!

Word gloss: 

1. djaljepan: so that's the way it is; so the reason why...is that...
2. tu: complementizer
3. k<em>ava-sun: you wear, AF. The root is kava 'shirt, clothes'; -sun 'you, clitic'. 
4. tua: OBL
5. bulabulay: beautiful 
6. avan: is
7. su-si-ka-bulay: the way you use to become beautiful or the reason why you become beautiful, IF

Voice file: 

From Raleigh Ferrell's Paiwan Dictionary (1982), p. 71. This is mean but probably meant to be sarcastic or funny. Halirious!