ma-pa-det-anga: to be made very close already, or just around the corner. The root is det 'proximity, close'; -anga 'change of state'.
aravac: very, quite, too
a: subject case marker
tja: our, 1st person PL GEN. tja 'our' is used a lot in Paiwan language to indicate a sense of community without the need of translating the genitive form.
masalut: harvest festival
Voice file:
From Raleigh Ferrell's Paiwan Dictionary (1982) and ILRDF Online Paiwan Dictionary mapadet.
pinarekakakakakan: sisterhood or brother-hood. The root is kaka 'brother or sister'. This is a very interesting word, complicated in the way it is formed and richer in the production of its meaning. However, I can't analyze it right now. My apology. I will do it next time.
Voice file:
From Raleigh Ferrell's Paiwan Dictionary (1982) and ILRDF Online Paiwan Dictionary dedet.
pacaingan a gung a pidedet.
Free translation:
Tie the cow nearby.
Word gloss:
pa-caing-an: to make tied. The root is caing 'to join, to fasten'.
a: subject case marker
gung: cow or ox, loanword from Minnan.
a: LIG
pi-de-det: close by. The root is det 'proximity, nearby'.
Voice file:
From Raleigh Ferrell's Paiwan Dictionary (1982) and ILRDF Online Paiwan Dictionary pidedet.
Are you mad? [Have you been in the state of anger?]
Word gloss:
na-ma-dudu-anga-sun: are you mad? na- 'PRF'; ma- 'to be in the condition of'; the root is dudu 'anger, mad'; -anga 'COS'; -sun 'you, 2nd person SIN clitic'.
Word file:
From Raleigh Ferrell's Paiwan Dictionary (1982) and ILRDF Online Paiwan Dictionary namadudu.
The wonder of word. In my dialect, I will probably say namatjalawangasun? using matjalaw with the root tjalaw.
izua 'u taiday a qadupu a valjitjuq, sa 'ivalit a'en.
Free translation:
I have a 100-dollar bill, and I want to change.
Word gloss:
izua: there is, to have
'u or ku: my, 1st person SIN GEN
taiday: hundred
a: subject case marker
qadupu: paper, bill
a: LIG
valjitjuq: money, synonymous with paisu or pakiyaw.
sa: and, then
'i-valit or ki-valit: to get change
a'en or aken: I, 1st person SIN NOM
Voice file:
From Raleigh Ferrell's Paiwan Dictionary (1982), ILRDF Online Paiwan Dictionary 'adupu, and klokah qadupu and 'ivalit ta valjituq.
This is really how mom sounds when she speaks Paiwan; k or q is dropped, but not always. The divorce is not really complete, and there seems to be no real boundary where she speaks without or with. She just does it as she finds natural. No doubt I should again study further about this phonetic phenomenon.
What are you doing, pissing off our dad like that?
Word gloss:
a-nema: what
su: your, 2nd person SIN GEN
kuda-in: thing done. The root is kuda 'what, rule, work'; -in 'perfecive marker; action already begun or accomplished; object or product of past action'(Ferrell, p. 17).
a: LIG
ki-ka-dudu: to piss off, to anger. ki- 'get, obtain'; ka- 'inchoative marker'; the root is dudu 'anger'.
tjai: OBL, towards someone, in front of direction.
tja-(k)/'(a)ma: our father. tja- 'our, 1st peron PL GEN INCL'; the root is kama or 'ama 'father, dad'.
Voice file:
From Raleigh Ferrell's Paiwan Dictionary (1982) and ILRDF Online Paiwan Dictionary kikadudu.
Usually, -an is understood as case marker for nominalization; it turns a root into a noun. Ferrell defines it as 'specific location in time/space; specific one/type; referent focus' (Ferrell, 1982, p. 17), giving the following examples:
kan-an: (1) eat (referent focus); (2) place where eating occurs or dining room or diner or restaurant.
pa-gung-an: barn, a place where cows are kept (gung 'bovine').
Therefore, one will expect it comes after a genitive like ku 'my', su 'your SIN', nia 'our', nu 'your PL' or before and after a genitive like niaken or nia'en 'my'; nisun 'your SIN'; niamen 'our'; nimun 'your PL'; nimadju 'his or her' and niamadju 'their', depending on the syntax.
after GEN: ku kaka tjaljavilivililjan 'my youngest brother'; su ngadan 'your name'; nia kinacemekeljan 'our family'; nu qinaljan 'your village'.
before ni- GEN: ligu nisun 'your glory'; kalapkapan nimadju 'her thenar'; sudjusudjuan niamadju their crushes'.
after ni- GEN: niaken azua a kisi. 'That is my bowl'.
Nevertheless, in this case, the -an noun tjaljaduduan 'the highest level of anger' precedes the nominative form of 'I' aken. It almost indicates the -an word can also be an adjective in addition to the commonly understood noun. Is that so?
Another thing to note is compared with -an 'referent focus', another ending case marker -en (or -in following a verb) is object focus, referring to the object/goal of action.
kan-an: where eating occurs, the place for kan, like today's kakanan.
kan-en: what is being eaten, food, like today's kakanen.
si-kud(a)-an: what is done with or deed or behavior. The root is kuda 'what'.
na: of, GEN
a-icu: this
a: LIG
tiza: guy or person, mostly likely only for male*
d<em><in>udu: to be made to feel angry, AV and UV. The root is dudu.
aravac: very, quite
Voice file:
From Raleigh Ferrell's Paiwan Dictionary (1982) and ILRDF Online Paiwan Dictionary deminudu.
deminudu is an interesting with double inflection. I think <in> comes first to indicate to be made and followed by <em>, a agent marker, because in this sentence the agent is the person's behavior.
Also, the word tiza 'guy, person, he', mostly likely male, is another interesting word. I actually have never heard of it. But in ILRDF Online Paiwan Dictionary, it appears twice. Another example is below:
madaqay a napadjele itjen tua rusuku, izua tjasikipaqulja tucu a vengin.
Free translation:
How fortunate that we have prepared candles, therefore we have some light tonight.
Word gloss:
ma-daqay: it is good (Ferrell, p. 67)
a: LIG
na-pa-djele: to have prepared. The root is djele 'prepare'.
itjen: we, 1st person PL INCL
tua: OBL
rusuku: candles, loanword from Japanese.
izua: there is
tja-si-ki-paqulja: we can get light. The root is paqulja 'to light up'.
tuch a vengin: tonight
Voice file:
From Raleigh Ferrell's Paiwan Dictionary (1982) and ILRDF madaqai.
The voice file on ILRDF makes a mistake at the beginning. The elder is clearly reading the poorly written text and misled to start the sentence very awkwardly. In another exmaple of daqai, his reading is good.
buru: qaburu 'swollen thyroid gland' (Ferrell, p. 66).
Well, I remember when I was little, I used to have many puses or fester on my legs. They were called buru.
inika sun a nakiqenetj tu pumuqanga a su kula?
Free translation:
Did you not notice your leg is festering?
Word gloss:
inika: not, NEG
sun: 2nd person SIN
a: LIG
na-ki-qenetj: to have known or to have been aware of. The root is qenetj 'think of, remember, recall'.
tu: complimentizer
p(u)-umuq-anga: to have puses or to fester. pu- 'to get or obtain'; the root is umuq 'pus, fester'; -anga 'COS'. Synonymous with umuqan, manpumuqan, or kemasitaladj.
